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Reference list - EndNote and Word : Harvard style for Master's theses
Ingeborg HvaaleThe University Library has developed a Norwegian and an English Harvard style. You can download one of these styles and use it in your Master’s thesis unless your supervisor recommends another style.
Innhold:
What is an Output Style?
Harvard style for Master's theses - EndNote X5-X1 - download style
Important information when using the Harvard style
How to register references in EndNote X5-X1 - displayed in Word:
- Books
- Book section
- Conference proceedings
- Conference papers (proceedings)
- Journal articles
- Reports
- Master's theses
- Newspaper articles
- Government documents
- Legal rules
- Web pages
- Personal communication - interviews, lectures, e-mail
Reference list - in alfabetical order
What is an OutPut Style?
Output Styles are used to define the appearance of citations and reference lists. EndNote contains more than 5,000 different Output Styles.
Harvard style for EndNote X5-X1 for use in Master's theses
Different styles
There are a number of different ways of linking citations to their sources. The two most common are the numeric style and the author-year style (often called the Harvard system). Please note that many scientific journals may have their own rules for citations and the use of references. If this is the case, you must observe these house styles, and there are many styles available in EndNote which you can use.
The Harvard style in EndNote
There is a Harvard style that comes with the EndNote programme, but we do not recommend you to use it.
Harvard style that can be used in Master's theses
The University Library has developed a Norwegian and an English Harvard style based on the rules set out in the document Citing literature and making reference lists.
You can download one of the styles below and use it in your Master’s thesis unless your supervisor recommends another style.
Procedure for accessing UMB's Harvard style:
1) The styles below are saved in EndNote’s style folder:
C:\ProgramFiles\EndNote...\Styles\
Vista users have to save the files in another area (e.g. Desktop). The files are then moved to the above-mentioned area. Download tip: Right-click the style link and select Save target as...
| Harvard-styles | Date | Download style |
| Norwegian Harvard style for X5-X2 Developed by I. Hvaale (UBMB). | 25.06.09 | Harvard_X2_UMB_nor |
| English Harvard style for X5-X2 Developed by I. Hvaale (UBMB). | 25.06.09 | Harvard_X2_UMB_eng |
| Norwegian Harvard style for X1 Developed by I. Hvaale (UBMB). | 10.07.08 | Harvard_X1_UMB_nor |
| English Harvard style for X1 Developed by I. Hvaale (UBMB). | 10.07.08 | Harvard_X1_UMB_eng |
| Numeric styles for X5-X2 Based on the Harvard UMB style. | Date | Download style |
| Norwegian Numeric style - alph. Reference list sorted alphabetically. | 10.11.09 | Number_alph_X2_UMB_nor |
| English Numeric style - alph. Reference list sorted alphabetically. | 10.11.09 | Number_alph_X2_UMB_eng |
| Norwegian Numeric style Reference list sorted numerically. | 11.11.09 | Number_X2_UMB_nor |
| English Numeric style Reference list sorted numerically. | 11.11.09 | Number_X2_UMB_eng |
2) After completing the download, select a style as follows:
In EndNote:
a) Choose Select Another Style from the drop-down menu in EndNote’s main menu.
b) Select the style you wish to use (e.g. Harvard_X...) and click the Choose button.
In Word:
You can change the appearance of your reference list at any time by selecting a different style.
a) Select Format Bibliography from the EndNote toolbar in Word.
b) Complete the dialogue box – choose style (Harvard_X...).
c) By clicking the OK button, you will format all citations and create a reference list at the end of the document
Important information when using the Harvard style
How to register authors in EndNote
The name of the author is entered in inverted form, i.e. with the last name first.
Examples::
- P. R. Smith should be entered: Smith, P. R.
- Paul Roy Smith should be entered: Smith, Paul Roy
- Carles de Gaulle should be entered: de Gaulle, Carles
You can enter initials or full first names in the Author field. The Harvard style standard is defined to show authors’ names in the reference list using initials. If a document has more than one author, each name must be registered on a new line in EndNote.
See example
One author
In the text, the source is referred to using the last name of the author and the year of publication. See example: (Gjefsen 1993)
See example
Two authors
The source is referred to in the text using both the authors’ last names, separated by an ampersand (&).
See example: (Bakken & Moe 1995)
See example
Three or more authors
If a work has three or more authors, only the first author is mentioned in the text (the reference), followed by et al.
See example: (Azioune et al. 2004)
All authors are entered in the reference list (maximum 10 authors), even if the references in the running text only reads e.g. Azioune et al. The names of authors are separated by commas in the reference list, but with an ampersand (&) before the name of the last author.
See example
An institution as author
If a document has been written by an organisation (institution etc.), the organisation is entered as the author. In EndNote, organisations must be registered with a comma after the name, e.g.
- U.S. Department of Agriculture,
This is because all text before a comma is interpreted as a last name.
See example
Documents without an author
If a document has no author (empty Author field), the first two or three words in the title are registered in EndNote’s Short title field. The title is displayed as the author in the reference list, and the title words registered under Short title will be displayed in the citation together with the year.
See example
Alphabetic reference list containing documents without an author
Pursuant to the Harvard style, a document without an author (empty Author field), will be placed alphabetically in the reference list based on its title.
See example
How to distinguish between "identical" documents
If two authors with the same last name have published something in the same year, their initials are used to distinguish between them. If an author has published more than one document in the same year, the Harvard style distinguishes between them using a and b.
See example
Add pagenumbers etc. to citations
Enter page numbers as prefix or suffix in Edit Citation.
Procedure:
1. Select the formatted citation in Word.
2. Select Edit Citation from the EndNote toolbar in Word.
3. Enter page numbers as prefix/suffix.
4. Save by clicking the OK button.
Delete author or year in citations
Procedure:
1. Select the formatted citation in Word.
2. Select Edit Citation from the EndNote toolbar in Word.
3. Tick Exclude author or Exclude year.
4. Save by clicking the OK button.
Before you forward/convert the document
Once you have finished the document, you should delete all EndNote field codes before forwarding the document or converting it to a PDF. This is done by copying the original document:
Make two versions:
- one version with EndNote codes (the original document - Word/EndNote).
- a copy without the EndNote field codes. Use Remove Field Code from the EndNote toolbar in Word (the document that is to be forwarded).
The new document will contain no links between Word and EndNote; it will be a pure Word document.
You can still make manual changes to the new document, e.g. in the reference list, before you send the document (which is the copy without field codes).
How to register references in EndNote and display in Word
Below you will find examples of the registration of various types of references, and how they will be displayed in Word when the English Harvard style is used.
Book
If book with editor(s), use reference type Edited Book, otherwise use reference type Book.
Book
Book Section
Conference Proceedings
Use Reference Type Book or Edited Book for published proceedings. Use Reference Type Conference Proceedings only for upublished proceedings.
Published conference - use Reference Type Edited Book:
Unpublished conference - use Reference Type Conference Proceedings:
| Formatted Citation (Word) | |
| (Hanxi 1987) | |
| Reference List (Word) | |
| Hanxi, Y. (1987, August 15-20). Proceedings of the International Symposium on Grassland Vegetation, Hohhot, The People's Republic of China. | |
| Adding reference in EndNote X5-X1 | |
| Reference Type: | Conference Proceedings |
| Author: | Hanxi, Yang |
| Year of Conference: | 1987 |
| Title: | Proceedings of the International Symposium on Grassland Vegetation |
| Conference Name: | |
| Conference Location: | Hohhot, The People's Republic of China |
| Date: | August 15-20 |
Conference papers
Published papers are added as reference type Book Section. Use reference type Conference Paper only for unpublished papers.
Reference type Conference Paper should only be used for upublished contributions:
| Formatted Citation (Word) | |
| (Crush 1987) | |
| Reference List (Word) | |
| Crush, J. R. (1987, August 15-20). Nitrogen fixation in grassland development. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Grassland Vegetation, Hohhot, The People's Republic of China. | |
| Adding reference in EndNote X5-X1 | |
| Reference Type: | Conference Paper |
| Author: | Crush, J. R. |
| Year: | 1987 |
| Title: | Nitrogen fixation in grassland development |
| Conference Name: | Proceedings of the International Symposium on Grassland Vegetation |
| Conference Location: | Hohhot, The People's Republic of China |
| Date: | August 15-20 |
Journal article
Electronic journals subscribed to by UMB - not free for ALL - are recorded as printed journal (Journal Article) without showing the URL in the reference list.
Journal article
Journal article
Artikkel i tidsskrift
Report
The Reference Type Report is used in the example below, but Reference Type Book is also possible to use. Title and not serial title will then appear in italics and the report no. must be registered in the Volume field. The Reference Type Report is therefore more accurate.
Report
Report
Thesis / master thesis
Newspaper article
Government document
Reference Type Government Document is used in the example below, but Reference Type Book is also possible to use concerning government documents.
Government document
Legal rule or regulation
Reference type Legal Rule or Regulation is ued in the example below, but reference type Book is also possible to use.
Web page / Internet material
Electronic journals subscribed to by UMB - not free for ALL - are recorded as printed journal (Journal Article) without showing the URL in the reference list. Other web documents are registrered as reference type Web Page, and URL will show in the reference list. Only reference type Electronic Article, Electronic Book, Online Database and Web Page show URL in the reference list.
| Formatted Citation (Word) | |
| (Berg 1995) | |
| Reference List (Word) | |
| Berg, T. (1995). Dynamic management of plant genetic resources: Potentials of emerging grassrot movements. Rome: FAO. Available at: http://icppagr.fao/docs/doc.html (accessed: 28.11.1996). | |
| Adding reference in EndNote X5-X1 | |
| Reference Type: | Web Page |
| Author: | Berg, T. |
| Year: | 1995 |
| Title: | Dynamic management of plant genetic resources: Potentials of emerging grassrot movements |
| City: | Rome |
| Publisher: | FAO |
| Access Date: | 28.11.1996 |
| URL: | http://icppagr.fao/docs/doc.html |
Web page
| Formatted Citation (Word) | |
| (GVU's 8th www... 1997) | |
| Reference List (Word) | |
| GVU's 8th www user survey. (1997). Available at: http://www.gvu.gatech.edu/user_surveys/survey-1997-10/ (accessed: 12.12.2003). | |
| Adding reference in EndNote X5-X1 | |
| Reference Type: | Web Page |
| Author: | |
| Year: | 1997 |
| Title: | GVU's 8th www user survey |
| Access Date: | 12.12.2003 |
| Short Title : | GVU's 8th www... |
| URL: | http://www.gvu.gatech.edu/user_surveys/survey-1997-10/ |
| Comment | |
| Web document without any author(empty Author field). The first two or tree words from the title are registered in the Short title field. It is not necessary to register city and publisher - the URL replaces this information. | |
Personal communication - interview, lecture, email
Interview
| Formatted Citation (Word) | |
| (Nordmann 2007) | |
| Reference List (Word) | |
| Nordmann, O. (2007). Intervju med personalsjef Ola Nordmann ved NVH. Oslo (29.10.2007). | |
| Adding reference in EndNote X5-X1 | |
| Reference Type: | Personal Communication |
| Author: | Nordmann, Ola |
| Year: | 2007 |
| Title: | Intervju med personalsjef Ola Nordmann ved NVH |
| City: | Oslo |
| Date: | 29.10.2007 |
| Comment | |
| Interviewee name in the Author field | |
Lecture
| Formatted Citation (Word) | |
| (Olsen 2006) | |
| Reference List (Word) | |
| Olsen, K. (2006). Landbrukshistorie. Ås: Universitetet for miljø- og biovitenskap (lecture 12.03.2006). | |
| Adding reference in i EndNote X5-X1 | |
| Reference Type: | Personal Communication |
| Author: | Olsen, Kari |
| Year: | 2006 |
| Title: | Landbrukshistorie |
| City: | Ås |
| Publisher: | Universitetet for miljø- og biovitenskap |
| Date: | 12.03.2006 |
| Type: | lecture |
| Kommentarer | |
| Lecturers name in the Author field. The institution in the Publisher field. | |
| Formatted Citation (Word) | |
| (Nordmann 2005) | |
| Reference List (Word) | |
| Nordmann, O. (2005). Jenter i landbruket (email to Kari Olsen 10.11.2005). | |
| Adding reference in EndNote X5-X1 | |
| Reference Type: | Personal Communication |
| Author: | Nordmann, Ola |
| Year: | 2005 |
| Title: | Jenter i landbruket |
| Date: | 10.11.2005 |
| Type: | email to Kari Olsen |
| Comment | |
| Title from subject field (email) | |
Reference List - in alphabetical order
Reference List shown with English Harvard style
Azioune, A., Ben Slimane, A., Hamou, L. A., Pleuvy, A., Chehimi, M. M., Perruchot, C. & Armes, S. P. (2004). Synthesis and characterization of active ester-functionalized po lypyrrole-silica nanoparticles: Application to the covalent attachment of proteins. Langmuir, 20 (8): 3350-3356.
• Comment: Journal Article - see reg.
Bakken, A. K. & Moe, R. (1995). Height and quality control in Christmas begonia by growth-retarding temperature regimes. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section B, Soil and Plant Science, 45 (4): 283-291.
• Comment: Journal Article - see reg.
Berg, T. (1995). Dynamic management of plant genetic resources: Potentials of emerging grassrot movements. Rome: FAO. Available at: http://icppagr.fao/docs/doc.html (accessed: 28.11.1996).
• Comment: Web Page - see reg.
Blytt, H. & Gunnerød, I. (1995). Eiendomspriser i landbruket. Rapport Landbrukets utredningskontor, 1995:2. 83 pp.
• Comment: Report - see reg.
Budsjettnemnda for jordbruket. (1994). Jordbrukets totalregnskap 1992 og 1993. Jordbrukets totalbudsjett 1994. Oslo: Budsjettnemnda. 204 pp.
• Comment: Report - see reg.
Crush, J. R. (1990). Nitrogen fixation in grassland development. In: Hanxi, Y. (ed.) Proceedings of the International Symposium on Grassland Vegetation, Hohhot, The People's Republic of China, August 15-20, 1987, pp. 475-479. Beijing: Science Press.
• Comment: Published conference paper, Book Section - see reg.
Fries, J. (1964). Vårbjörkens produktion i Sveland och södra Norrland. Studia Forestalia Suecica, 14. 303 s.
• Kommentar: Temahefte/rapport (Report) - se reg.
Gjefsen, T. (1993). Husdyrlære. Oslo: Landbruksforlaget. 175 pp.
• Comment: Book - see reg.
Gjefsen, T. (1995). Fôringslære. 2nd. ed. Oslo: Landbruksforlaget. 372 pp.
• Comment: Book - see reg.
GVU's 8th www user survey. (1997). Available at: http://www.gvu.gatech.edu/user_surveys/survey-1997-10/ (accessed: 12.12.2003).
• Comment: Web Page - see reg.
Hanxi, Y. (red.). (1990). Proceedings of the International Symposium on Grassland Vegetation, Hohhot, The People's Republic of China, August 15-20, 1987. Beijing: Science Press. 629 pp.
• Comment: Published conference proceedings, Edited Book - see reg.
Høgberg, A. P. (2001, 25. juni). Er bevisdømmelsen fri? Aftenposten (Morgenutg.), p. 14.
• Comment: Newspaper Article - see reg.
Låg, J. (1990a). Chemical soil properties of experimental fields in Longyearbyen, Svalbard. Acta Agricultura Scandinavica, 40: 113-116.
• Comment: Journal Article - see reg.
Låg, J. (1990b). Peat accumulation in steep hills at Alkhornet, Spitsbergen. Acta Agricultura Scandinavica, 40: 217-219.
• Comment: Journal Article - see reg.
NOU 1974:88. Hvor går vi? Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. 250 pp.
• Comment: Government Document - see reg.
Røberg, M. K. (1994). Bevaring av historiske hager. Eksempelområde: prestegårdshagen på Skedsmo bygde-museum. Hovedoppgave. Ås: Norges landbrukshøgskole, Institutt for landskapsplanlegging. 128 pp.
• Comment: Thesis - see reg.
Sanders, D. W. (1992). Soil conservation: Strategis and policies. In Tato, K. & Hurni, H. (red.) Soil conservation for survival, pp. 17-28. Ankey, Iowa: Soil and Water Conservation Society.
• Comment: Book Section - see reg.
St.meld. nr 27 (2000-2001). Gjør din plikt - krev din rett: Kvalitetsreform av høyere utdanning. Oslo: Kirke-, utdannings- og forskningsdepartementet. 23 pp.
• Comment: Government Document - see reg.
Straffeloven. Almindelig borgerlig Straffelov av 22. mai 1902 nr. 10.
• Comment: Legal Rule or Regulation - see reg.
Søegaard, K. (ed.). (2000). Grassland farming: Balancing environmental and economic demands. Proceedings of the 18th General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation, Aalborg, Denmark, 22-25 May 2000. Grassland Science in Europe, vol. 5. Tjele: Organizing Committee of the 18th General Meeting, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Foulum. 578 pp.
• Comment: Published conference proceedings, Edited Book - see reg.
Published: 02.06.10
Updated: 26.01.12
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P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas, Norway
Visiting address: Chr. M. Falsens vei 18, Towerbuilding
Phone: +47 64 96 55 00, Fax: +47 64 96 55 01
E-mail: biblioteket(at)umb.no
Web: http://www.umb.no/library
P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas, Norway
Visiting address: Chr. M. Falsens vei 18, Towerbuilding
Phone: +47 64 96 55 00, Fax: +47 64 96 55 01
E-mail: biblioteket(at)umb.no
Web: http://www.umb.no/library